Tamper evidence

Physical tamper evidence breaks the tag (or its antenna) when the package is opened — a torn label, a snapped neck-band on a bottle, a destroyed RFID inlay under a cap. The next scan returns a 'tampered' state instead of the normal experience.

Cryptographic tamper evidence uses authentication chips like NTAG 424 DNA, where any clone, swap or replay attempt fails signature verification at the server.

For wine, spirits, pharmaceuticals and luxury goods, the two are usually combined: the seal proves the bottle is unopened, the chip proves it's the right bottle.