EPCIS
Electronic Product Code Information Services
A GS1 standard for recording and sharing supply-chain events about identified objects — the what, when, where and why of an item moving through the world.
EPCIS is the GS1 standard for representing supply-chain events: an item was packed at a factory, shipped, received at a warehouse, sold at a store, returned, recycled. Each event captures four dimensions — what (identifier), when (timestamp), where (location) and why (business step).
Where GTIN and GS1 Digital Link describe what a product is, EPCIS describes what has happened to it. It's the audit trail layer of connected commerce.
EPCIS is increasingly required to back DPP claims about provenance and chain of custody — you can't credibly claim 'made in X, shipped via Y' without the events to prove it.